Understanding Brain Aneurysms: Risks, Prevention, and Advances in Treatment

Brain aneurysms are a critical health concern affecting many individuals worldwide. Dr. Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris, a professor of neurosurgery and radiology at Thomas Jefferson University, sheds light on the complexities of brain aneurysms, including risk factors, prevention, and the latest advancements in detection and treatment.

Dr. Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris

Age and Gender Factors

The average age for brain aneurysm diagnosis tends to be in the 50s, although it can affect individuals of all ages, from pediatric to elderly patients in their 90s. Women are at a slightly higher risk of developing aneurysms compared to men, with a ratio ranging from 1.3 to 2 times more prevalent in women. This increased risk may be linked to hormonal changes, particularly the decrease in estrogen levels later in life.

Ethnic and Genetic Considerations

Certain ethnic groups, such as Japanese and Finnish populations, exhibit a higher incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to genetic predispositions. Additionally, familial aneurysm syndrome, defined by two or more first-degree relatives with cerebral aneurysms, significantly increases the risk for other family members.

Medical Conditions

Individuals with connective tissue disorders like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease are at higher risk of developing aneurysms. These conditions affect the integrity of blood vessel walls, making aneurysms more likely.


Smoking and Blood Pressure Management

Smoking cessation is crucial as it significantly increases the risk of aneurysm growth and rupture. Managing high blood pressure is also vital, as hypertension can exacerbate the risk of aneurysm rupture.

Avoiding Substance Abuse

Substance abuse, particularly cocaine and other stimulants, can increase blood pressure and the risk of aneurysm rupture. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding such substances can mitigate this risk.


Family History and Screening Recommendations

For individuals with a family history of aneurysms, early screening using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is recommended. This quick and non-invasive procedure can detect aneurysms before they become symptomatic or rupture.

Potential for Broader Screening Protocols

Advocates suggest that a more widespread screening protocol, similar to routine colonoscopies, could be beneficial. Early screening, even for those with only one affected family member, could save lives by identifying aneurysms early.


Physical Activities and Aneurysms

Patients often inquire about the safety of activities like flying and scuba diving. Generally, flying does not pose a significant risk unless the patient is traveling to a region with limited medical facilities. However, deep scuba diving is discouraged due to the significant changes in barometric pressure, which could potentially affect aneurysms.

Blood Thinners and Aneurysms

The use of blood thinners does not necessarily increase the risk of aneurysm rupture. However, patients should maintain close communication with their healthcare providers to monitor blood pressure and ensure safe management.


Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

AI is expected to play a crucial role in the early detection and management of brain aneurysms. By analyzing vast amounts of data, AI can help identify high-risk features and predict potential rupture points, enhancing both diagnostic and treatment processes.

Future Screening Technologies

Innovations in imaging and detection, such as the potential for using ultrasound technology during pregnancy, could revolutionize how and when aneurysms are detected. Early detection at birth or during early adulthood could prevent many cases of rupture and improve overall outcomes.


Public education is essential in recognizing the signs of a brain aneurysm. Symptoms like a sudden, severe headache, often described as a “thunderclap,” nausea, vomiting, light sensitivity, and neck stiffness should prompt immediate medical attention.

Importance of Awareness Campaigns

The Brain Aneurysm Foundation plays a vital role in educating the public and healthcare providers. Increased awareness can lead to earlier detection, better management, and ultimately, a reduction in aneurysm-related complications.


Brain aneurysms remain a significant health issue, but with increased awareness, early detection, and advances in technology, outcomes can be greatly improved. Preventive measures, lifestyle modifications, and proactive screening are essential steps in mitigating the risks associated with brain aneurysms. Continued research and public education will play pivotal roles in enhancing the understanding and management of this complex condition.